Water Water deficit especially after heading is one of the most effective factors of wheat yield loss in Iran and across the world and identifying the physiological traits related to plant resilience is of great importance in screening for tolerant varieties. The objective of this study was to evaluate the variation in stem reserves accumulation capacity and its relationship with remobilization in some wheat cultivars. 22 wheat cultivars were cultivated in a split plot design with three replications, full irrigation and 40% of field capacity being main plots. The amount of accumulation and remobilization was estimated by measuring internodes weight and stem soluble carbohydrates content (WSC). Significant genotypic variation among cultivars was observed under both normal and drought conditions. Maximum accumulation was found in lower internodes followed by peduncle and penultimate using dry weight measurement method. In WSC measurement method, however, maximum accumulation was observed in penultimate followed by lower internodes and peduncle. Cultivars ranking based on accumulation was also different in two methods. Drought stress caused decline in internodes weight, WSC and yield and remobilization efficiency. The specific stem weight had the highest correlation with remobilization. Significant correlation was found between grain yield and remobilization, specific stem weight and WSC.

Purpose: Food security is a critical global challenge that is influenced by research and innovation in the field. Therefore, the objective of this study is to analyze the scientific output of developing countries in food security and examine its relationship with patents and Gross Domestic Product (GDP).Methodology: This applied research utilized the Scientometric approach. A total of 8,416 papers published between 1992-2023 in the field of food security by developing countries were included in the study using citation databases from Clarivate Analytics. Additionally, patent registrations from the WIPO database and GDP data from the World Bank were analyzed. Information was collected through note-taking, and the data was analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient.Findings: The findings reveal an upward trend in the publication and citation of scientific outputs related to food security in developing countries. China has higher numbers of papers, patents, GDP, and food production index compared to Iran, Japan, and South Korea. There is also a positive correlation observed between population and the number of papers, gross production and the number of papers, food production and the number of published papers, as well as the number of patents and papers citing scientific outputs of countries.Conclusion: These results highlight the significant relationship between increasing scientific output, GDP, the number of patents, and food security. Greater emphasis on food security contributes to enhanced scientific output, GDP, and innovation. Similarly, increasing scientific output, GDP, and innovation positively impact food security in countries.Value: This study emphasizes the importance of scientific outputs in driving technological advancements, innovations, and ultimately, ensuring food security in developing countries.

Conflict management plays an important role in the relationship between conflict and the auditor’ s performance. The Objective of this study is the role of conflict management between perceived conflict and the auditor performance of the fraud risk assessment. The final statistical sample of this study includes 283 auditors who works in audit firms. The method of data collection was a survey in questionnaire and in order to data analysis have been used the structural equation model and Smart PLS-3 software. The evidence of this study shows that not only do not be rejected the hypotheses of adjusting conflict management styles in the relationship between perceived conflict and the auditor’ s fraud risk assessment, but also the hypotheses of the effect of the conflict can be confirmed on the auditor’ s performance. The results of this study indicate that by choosing conflict management styles, auditors can control the conflict and use at the fraud risk assessment. The relationship between perceived conflict and the auditor’ s performance of the fraud risk assessment can be moderated. In addition, the risk assessment of fraud is affected by the auditor’ s perceived conflict.

Introduction: Understanding the relationship between medical students' attitudes towards conflict management and their dominant conflict management styles is crucial for improving their ability to effectively handle challenging situations. This study aimed to determine the relationship between medical students' attitudes towards conflict management and their conflict management styles. Method: This was a descriptive, analytical study involving 244 first-year general medicine students from Tehran University of Medical Sciences. The Conflict Management Attitude Questionnaire (CMAQ) and the Conflict Management Styles Questionnaire (DUTCH) were used to collect data. Pearson's correlation coefficient and independent t-tests were employed for data analysis. Results: The results showed that students predominantly used problem-solving (15.80 ± 2.18) and compromising (15.00 ± 2.23) styles. Pearson's correlation analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between the average score of attitudes towards conflict management and the average scores of the compromising and problem-solving styles (P = 0.014, r = 0.162; P = 0.000, r = 0.287, respectively). Additionally, a significant negative correlation was found between the average score of attitudes towards conflict management and the average score of the avoiding style (P = 0.010, r = -0.170). The t-test results indicated a significant difference in the competing style between male and female students (P = 0.038). Conclusion: Identifying the strengths and weaknesses of clinical education is the first step towards improving the quality of medical education. Then the faculty development programs planners should design, implement and evaluate educational development programs for clinical faculty to improve their educational skills in the clinical education environment.

Aim: The present study aimed to determine the relationship between work-family conflict and marital conflict with a mediating role of psychological capital in Iran Khodro Diesel Company employees. Method: The present study was descriptive and correlational and its statistical population consisted of 5260 employees of Iran Khodro Diesel Company, among whom we selected 360 individuals by simple random sampling and they responded to the Work-Family Conflict Scale by Carlson et al (2000), Marital Conflict Scale by Straus (1979), and psychological capital questionnaire by Luthans and Avolio (2007). We analyzed the data using the correlation coefficient and stepwise regression analysis. Results: The correlation between the variables indicated significant negative relationships between work-family conflict and its dimensions with marital conflict and also significant negative relationships between psychological capital and self-efficacy, hope, resilience, and optimism subscales with marital conflict (P=0. 001). There were also significant negative relationships between psychological capital and self-efficacy, hope, resilience, and optimism subscales with work-family conflict and its dimensions (P=0. 001). Stepwise regression analysis also indicated that work-family conflict and psychological capital were significant predictors of marital conflict. The results also showed that self-efficacy, hope, resilience, and optimism were strong predictors of marital conflict. Conclusion: According to the research results, psychological capital as a shock absorber could weaken the negative impact of family-work conflict and work-family overflow on employees' marital conflicts.

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between work-family conflict with psychological strain and life satisfaction, considering the moderating role of recovery of work. Parties pants are employees of Aghajari Oil and Gas Production Company that one hundred forty three individuals were selected by stratified random sampling method. Data were gathered by Work-Family Conflict Scale (Carlson, Kacmar& Williams, 2000), Recovery of Work Questionnaire (Sonnentag, & Fritz, 2007), General Health Questionnaire (Goldberg, 1972) and Life Satisfaction Scale (Diener, Emmons, Larsen & Griffin). Results indicated that work-family conflict had positively correlation with psychological strain and had negatively correlation with life satisfaction. Results also revealed that recovery of work moderated the relationship of work-family conflict with psychological strain and life satisfaction and positive correlation between work-family conflict and psychological strain and negative correlation work-family conflict and life satisfaction at individual with great recovery of work is weaker.

Collective conflict refers to the conflict, conflict and physical tension of more than two people, which is affected by the social, economic and cultural conditions of the society. According to surveys, and based on the data of the Forensic Medicine Organization since 2013 to 2121, the amount of conflict has increased in the provinces of the country. The main purpose of the research is to study of the relationship between macroeconomic indicators and collective conflict in the period of 2015-2018. The research method is the secondary analysis, data were analyzed using Spss software. The results are reported in the form of descriptive, including frequency tables, and charts, and central indices, as well as inferential statistics, including bivariate and multivariate tests. The results show that the increase in inflation, unemployment and Gini coefficient between 2015 and 2018 has been effective in increasing the amount of conflict in different provinces of the country. According to this, with economic disorder (economic disorganization), due to the increase in unemployment, inflation and class gap as well as the reduction of social resilience, mental instability, the feeling of scarcity of resources (crisis of production, distribution and consumption) and the feeling of economic abnormality, people's social behaviors has become more radical, violent and aggressive. The important reason for the collective conflict in the provinces of the country in the above period of time has been functioning of economic institutions

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between conflict type (task, relation), conflict management approach (cooperative, competitive) and team effectiveness of Iranian super league volleyball clubs. The sample consisted of all players and coaches of 13 teams from 16th tournament of super league volleyball clubs in 2007 were selected. Jhen conflict type questionnaire, Tjosvold conflict management questionnaire and Van Der Vegt and Alper team effectiveness questionnaire were used to collect the data. To estimate the validity of the questionnaires, an average variance extracted method (AVE) and to estimate the reliability of the questionnaires, a composite reliability method (CR) was used. Findings indicated a positive significant relationship between task and relationship conflict in Iranian super league volleyball teams. Both conflicts had a negative effect on team effectiveness. Cooperative conflict management approach had a significant positive effect on team effectiveness from the viewpoints of coaches and players. Competitive conflict management approach had a negative effect on team effectiveness from the viewpoint of coaches and it had no significant effect on team effectiveness from the viewpoint of players.